Thursday, November 28, 2013

Oyster Spat Collections Lines

Yesterday was a blessed Thanksgiving Day in the village! Nevermind that no one has ever heard of that holiday! We had a team from Department of Fisheries in Savusavu bring us an early Christmas present:

OYSTER SPAT COLLECTIONS LINES! 

In August a few people from the village attended a workshop to learn about small business ideas involving the marine environment. There was talk that Fisheries was looking to support communities to establish some sustainable income generating projects, so we submitted a request letter to Fisheries to help us determine if we were a suitable site for oyster spat collection. They didn't turn up to just survey, they turned up with two 100m lines to place in our fishing grounds.

After finding a boat to hire in Nabouwalu, we prepared the lines and waited for the boat to come at high tide.

Preparing the buoys

Unrolling the spat collections lines

Lines packed and ready to go!
At high tide and in a sudden burst of heavy rain, we headed offshore just a little ways to place the lines. We used flour sacks full of sand as anchors and tied tied large stones to the middle of the line for it to sink. In two weeks time we will cut away the stones, as the line will become heavy. The line rests about 5m below the surface, so passing boats will not disturb it. Four buoys mark each 100m line.

Checking the depth

Tying off the sandbag anchors

Placing the first buoy
Stringing out the first line

Buoys marking the submerged line


Fisheries Team Member and my trusty Environment Committee Members

Line in the water. The spat collectors (black, dangley things) will fall down in time.

Stone weight.

Myself and one of my many Fijian fathers checking out the line underwater
The line will remain in place for about a year, after which the team will return to see how many oysters we were able to collect. A good line can collect anywhere from 2000-4000 oysters. At a year and a few months time the oysters will be seeding size. Then they can be sold to pearl farmers for around $2 per oyster.

There are a few pearl farms in Fiji. The most notable is J. Hunter Pearls in Savusavu who sells gorgeous jewelry no one in Fiji can afford (http://www.fijipearls.com/)

We don't have a proper site to farm the pearls in the village. A farm requires a quiet bay or lagoon, and we have an intertidal reef flat. The good current coming off the Bligh Waters, however, may be filled with oyster spat. Oyster eggs and sperm meet in the water and drift on currents until finding a proper place to call home. Hopefully they will find a good home on our lines!

The lines were placed in the area we have proposed as a Marine Protected Area (awaiting formal approval of the chief). We hope they will give additional incentive to the community to protect these waters and help create a sustainable fund for management of this and other village projects. Furthermore, the lines will act as FADs (fish aggregating devices) around which fish may group or swim.

A great reason to give thanks, indeed!

I am thankful for this and all my experiences here in Fiji, for the wonderful people who help make projects like this happen, and friends and family both near and far.

Thankful today, thankful for every day.




Saturday, November 23, 2013

The Plantation



This weekend was the first day Solo and I went to the plantation together to actually work. I’ve gone with him to pick food, but that’s not really working that’s just getting dinner. 

“Going to the plantation” really means hiking up into the jungled hills behind the village. We followed the old, two-track road part way up through the pine plantation. The first time I saw one of these spindly pine stands in Fiji, I was a little shocked. They take me back to the highland American West and seem out of place in the tropics. A local forester told me that pine is one of the only easy things to replant after a clear cutting. I’ve asked around the village: “What was there before the pine? What was there before the grassy hillsides?” “Only our grandparents knew.” There’s nowhere to go and look it up. But I’ve heard them tell stories of rainbows of birds and read in the history books of how Bua was one of the first places foreigners came to clear the once great stands of sandalwood. 

We veered off on a path sloping down into the valley below. I try to remember to look up every now and again from futilely dodging mud holes to take in the scenery. It’s a beautiful place we live. Solo didn’t spend his life in these hills; he doesn’t know it the way he knows Seaqaqa, but he knows it better than any map could ever explain. Every place has a name, never written down. “There was an old settlement here. This is where so and so used to farm. That big tree is where a spirit lives.”

We made our way down to the valley bottom and followed the creek uphill. Because Solo is starting a new plantation, it doesn’t have a well traveled path from this side. It’s nice walking in the creek anyway. It’s cool and shady.

Solo and I are planning to go to the US next year to visit for the holidays. Although it’s more than a year off, he has to plant now in order to be able to harvest in time. It takes anywhere between 8-12 months to harvest dalo (taro root) depending on the species, weather, etc. There is no bank account from which to withdraw. You plant, you harvest, you sell. That’s where money comes from.

Our relationship flourishes when we each make efforts to understand where the other is coming from. I want to support Solo in what he does and I want him to support me. We come from very different places but our love exists in some mixed up place in the middle that no one can really understand. 

Solo jokes with me and says how he never dreamed he’d be taking a white girl to work on the farm with him. I laugh and tell him he lucked out to get a country girl like me, because there’s plenty of fancy girls out there who don’t like to get dirty. He says that I’m right, and we talk again about how funny it is that the world brought us together.

Another reason I wanted to come and help is because his other plantation was poached. And it’s kind of indirectly my fault. One of his cousins harvested all Solo’s kava plants when we were both away. Some of them were very old. When he sold them we hear he got a few thousand dollars, but we’ll never know the exact amount. Kava grows for at least 3 years before you harvest it. The longer it grows the bigger it gets and the more money you make because it’s sold by the kilo. That was going to be the start of Solo’s money to put towards building a house someday.

A large number of young men in the village are jealous/ angry/who knows what, and it’s no secret that it has something to do with me. Some quietly and some not so quietly disowning or turning against Solo. It breaks my heart, but then again they might not be bad “friends” to lose. Solo’s too much a pacifist to demand justice. He says that when someone takes something from him that it’s very hard for him to ask for it back. In some ways I wish I was more like that, not automatically wanting to seek revenge. In others ways, I wish he’d raise a ruckus. May karma right things in time.

We are each others’ support systems against all the village drama, of which I am no longer immune to. I crossed some superficial sweet spot on the integration scale. It’s good in a way. I guess it makes me able to relate just a little bit more to my colleagues/neighbors/family/friends. (Talk about blurred lines…) 

We are not dwelling on it, but keeping on keeping on!

Each of us armed with a cane knife (machete), we begin our laborious mission of taming the wild. I think of the greed behind “manifest destiny” and those whom tamed the American wilds. I think of the idea of “last frontier”. 

Here, making a small clearing in the forest, we will plant and harvest. We will get our crops, but it will take a fight. It has been cleared before. Solo points to the old yavu, terraced foundations for houses.  It is hard to imagine the land ever being clear as my muscles start to burn from the constant swinging of my machete. It reminds me of swinging an ax. Maybe Solo can read my mind because he asks me to tell a story about the trail work I used to do in America.

We work for two hours. Solo could go all day, but he’s being nice to me. I’m out of shape for manual labor. I have blisters on my hands and a painful bee sting on my face. With the clearing he did the day before, and our work today, he’ll be able to plant 500 dalo. If he’s lucky he can get $1000. Next he’ll have to find dalo tops to plant and then turn the soil by hand.

We’re both drenched in sweat and covered in debris. We grab our empty water bottle and trudge our way back to the creek. It’s at least 20 degrees cooler under the shade of the ancient grove of ivi trees. There is a swimming hole, cold and clean. We jump in and relax on the submerged boulders. I am spent. I am in awe of place and person. 


Tuesday, November 19, 2013

Sea Cucumbers and More Mangroves

Things have been a little slow in the village as we're waiting on the elders to meet with the chief, however, in the meantime we are continuing with our on-going projects.

Two weeks ago we waded around in the foreshore to collect sea cucumbers to put in our marine protected area. We were only able to collect about 30. It was low tide and the sun made the water very hot. The sea cucumbers were buried in the sand and they were hard to find, even by experienced Fijian eyes. Next time maybe we'll snorkel around at high tide when they're out and about.

Collecting sea cucumbers along the foreshore

 
Sea cucumbers are a high value species because the are a delicacy in certain Asian cuisines. A truck comes around every week to buy dried sea cucumbers from local people to take to the market. Some sea cucumbers can grow very large. The larger the sea cucumber the higher the price.

Large sea cucumber from the outer reef (this one caught by a free diver to sell)


Over-harvesting is the current reality -- as sea cucumbers move slowly, they are an easy target and easy money. One can apply for a special license to use SCUBA to harvest them. Fishermen are going farther and deeper to find them as their numbers decline.

We're hoping to learn more about sustainable harvest of sea cucumber species and to breed them in our marine protected area. It has potential to be a good income generator for the village if done the right way.

For more info, check out this cool fact sheet!
 From http://www.spc.int/DigitalLibrary/Doc/FAME/Brochures/Anon_11_ISFC_09_SeaCucumbers.pdf



We also planted about 100 more mangroves from our mangrove nursery. We tried transplanting some 2 ft high seedlings a month ago, but they all died. It was an experiment. The nursery takes longer but it seems the survival rate is decent, although not great. If we plant a few seedlings together they seem to be able to withstand the tide/waves better. However, they are still susceptible to seaweed weighing them down and pigs digging them up at low tide.